Research history

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A **donor-advised fund** (DAF) is an account for charitable giving. The IRS describes three features. It is a separately identified fund or account made up of a donor’s contributions. It is maintained by a 501(c)(3) organization, called the sponsoring organization, which has legal control of the money once the donor contributes. And the donor keeps advisory privileges over how the money is granted and invested. The donor recommends grants, and the sponsor makes them.

## How big they are

The Annual DAF Report 2025, produced for the first time by the DAF Research Collaborative after the National Philanthropic Trust compiled it for nearly two decades, found that in 2024:

- DAFs held about **$326 billion** in assets, up from about $256 billion in 2023.
- Donors contributed **$89.6 billion**, the highest of the past five years.
- DAFs granted **$64.9 billion** to charities.
- The aggregate payout rate was **25.3 percent**, calculated as grants divided by prior-year assets.

The payout rate is not the share of every account spent that year. The report uses prior-year assets as its denominator and aggregates across sponsors.

## Where they sit in the system

On the [system map](/record/encyclopedia/charity-as-a-system/), a DAF is a channel. It sits between the giver and the work and holds money until the donor decides where it should go. That can be useful. A donor can give when they have money and decide carefully later, and one account can handle many gifts. It also means the money can wait.

## The debate

This is [Parked Money](/diagnosis/parked-money/), and both sides have numbers. Defenders point to the aggregate payout rate. It is higher than the roughly 5 percent legal distribution requirement for many [private foundations](/record/encyclopedia/private-foundations/), but those measures use different denominators and are not a direct comparison. Critics point to the size of the pool, and note that an aggregate rate can hide accounts that rarely grant at all. The figures above describe DAFs as a whole, so they cannot settle how money moves through individual accounts.

## What we don’t know

Is that aggregate rate fast or slow? The answer depends on how quickly the best giving opportunities are being used up, how much invested money grows while it waits and how much the future should count. That is [Open Problem 12, the Payout Question](/open-problems/the-payout-question/), and [discounting](/record/encyclopedia/discounting/) is part of it.

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    "body": "\nA **donor-advised fund** (DAF) is an account for charitable giving. The IRS describes three features. It is a separately identified fund or account made up of a donor’s contributions. It is maintained by a 501(c)(3) organization, called the sponsoring organization, which has legal control of the money once the donor contributes. And the donor keeps advisory privileges over how the money is granted and invested. The donor recommends grants, and the sponsor makes them.\n\n## How big they are\n\nThe Annual DAF Report 2025, produced for the first time by the DAF Research Collaborative after the National Philanthropic Trust compiled it for nearly two decades, found that in 2024:\n\n- DAFs held about **$326 billion** in assets, up from about $256 billion in 2023.\n- Donors contributed **$89.6 billion**, the highest of the past five years.\n- DAFs granted **$64.9 billion** to charities.\n- The aggregate payout rate was **25.3 percent**, calculated as grants divided by prior-year assets.\n\nThe payout rate is not the share of every account spent that year. The report uses prior-year assets as its denominator and aggregates across sponsors.\n\n## Where they sit in the system\n\nOn the [system map](/record/encyclopedia/charity-as-a-system/), a DAF is a channel. It sits between the giver and the work and holds money until the donor decides where it should go. That can be useful. A donor can give when they have money and decide carefully later, and one account can handle many gifts. It also means the money can wait.\n\n## The debate\n\nThis is [Parked Money](/diagnosis/parked-money/), and both sides have numbers. Defenders point to the aggregate payout rate. It is higher than the roughly 5 percent legal distribution requirement for many [private foundations](/record/encyclopedia/private-foundations/), but those measures use different denominators and are not a direct comparison. Critics point to the size of the pool, and note that an aggregate rate can hide accounts that rarely grant at all. The figures above describe DAFs as a whole, so they cannot settle how money moves through individual accounts.\n\n## What we don’t know\n\nIs that aggregate rate fast or slow? The answer depends on how quickly the best giving opportunities are being used up, how much invested money grows while it waits and how much the future should count. That is [Open Problem 12, the Payout Question](/open-problems/the-payout-question/), and [discounting](/record/encyclopedia/discounting/) is part of it.\n",
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          "publisher": "Internal Revenue Service",
          "title": "Donor-advised funds",
          "url": "https://www.irs.gov/charities-non-profits/charitable-organizations/donor-advised-funds",
          "year": null
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        {
          "note": null,
          "publisher": "The Chronicle of Philanthropy, reporting the Annual DAF Report 2025 by the DAF Research Collaborative",
          "title": "DAF Assets Soar 30% to $326 Billion",
          "url": "https://www.philanthropy.com/news/daf-assets-soar-30-to-326-billion/",
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "note": null,
          "publisher": "Johnson Center for Philanthropy",
          "title": "The Annual DAF Report 2025",
          "url": "https://johnsoncenter.org/resource/report-annual-daf-report-2025/",
          "year": 2025
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        {
          "note": null,
          "publisher": "Donor Advised Fund Research Collaborative, Indiana University repository",
          "title": "Annual DAF Report 2025, full report",
          "url": "https://scholarworks.indianapolis.iu.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/8f309b9f-da38-433e-8c33-bc1b3d1f9a1a/content",
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      "summary": "Charitable accounts held by a sponsoring public charity, which the donor advises on grants and investments. They held about $326 billion in 2024, and how fast that money should reach working charities is one of the live debates in philanthropy.",
      "title": "Donor-advised funds"
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